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- Harpenden Stadiometer Manual
RESULTSWe selected 2548 Saudis, 1423 males and 1125 females, aged 18 to 60 years. A significant trend (p trend25 kg/m 2). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in men than in women and was observed early in both genders, at the ages of 18–19 in men and 30–39 years for women. In the age range of 40–60 years, muscle mass dropped significantly ( P. The term “globesity” signifies that the epidemic of obesity has become worldwide. The prevalence of obesity was steady until the 1980s, but has since increased dramatically throughout the world.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, rough estimates of the number of obese adults worldwide were 600 million. Obesity is a serious problem because of the increasing possibility of a wide range of health consequences, including hypertension, insulin insensitivity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and distinct types of cancers.
The burden of medical costs for obese individuals are 30% greater than for normal-weight peers. Each 5 kg/m 2 increase in body mass index (BMI) results in about a 30% higher mortality rate. The risk of death increases by 20%–40% in overweight individuals, and it escalates to 200%–400% in obese individuals. Roughly, 3.4 million adults die annually due to overweight or obesity.Obesity in Saudi Arabia is a major public health concern; the country has one of the most rapidly increasing rates of obesity in the world. Western lifestyle behaviors and the consequent elevation in BMI in developing countries, including Saudi Arabia, can lead to an alarming epidemiological transition from communicable to noncommunicable diseases being the main causes of death. Studies in Saudi Arabia from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s reported a continual growth in the prevalence of obesity of about 20%. – These studies showed that the prevalence of obesity in different regions of Saudi Arabia was estimated between 13% and 27%.
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In 2014, about 28.7%, or 3.6 million Saudis, were obese, ranging from 24.1% for men to 33.5% for women in different cities. Furthermore, a high frequency of overweight and obesity has been observed in younger Saudis, which may further increase the prevalence of obesity in the adult population over succeeding years. A recent study of 2382 young Saudis, aged 15 to 24 years old, showed that about 38.2% and 44% of men and women, respectively, are either overweight or obese. This proportion is expected to rise substantially by 2020, reaching 41% and 78% for men and women, respectively.To our knowledge, most studies are focused on the trend of overweight and obesity with over periods of time. However, no detailed studies describe trends in obesity and adiposity parameters by different age groups in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to describe trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity by age groups and gender in the western region of Saudi Arabia and to determine the effect of this trend on some anthropometric measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODSThis cross-sectional observational study was conducted between March 2011 and February 2012 in major cities in western Saudi Arabia (Mecca, Al-Taif, and Jeddah).
A Stadiometer is can be a theodolite or a wheel by which lenght is measured. How many schools are there in harpenden? Harpenden East railway station was created in 1860. Mar 15, 2017 Exporter of Dialysis Equipment, Harpenden Skin Fold Thickness Caliper, Stadiometer- Digital, Wall Mounted And Pocket, Weighing Scale and Harpenden Skinfold Caliper offered by Khalsa Pharmaceuticals, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Cretion of insulin in response to greater transfer of glucose. Little manual of auxology; Technical. Read Online: Holtain stadiometer manual muscle. The stadiometer produced by Holtain Ltd. known as the 'Harpenden' stadiometer because of its.
Saudis aged 18 to 60 years were selected by convenience sampling. Printed announcements were placed in universities, malls, and hospitals to inform individuals about this community-based study. Pregnant women and persons with disabilities were excluded. This study was accepted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Umm Al-Qura, and informed consent forms were signed by all participants before collecting the data.All anthropometric measurements were taken during face-to-face interviews by well-trained professional interviewers.
Measurements included height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body composition while participants wore light clothing and were barefoot. Height was measured in centimeters using a Harpenden stadiometer (Holtain, Crymych, Wales, UK). WC was measured in centimeters at the midpoint between the last costal margin and the iliac crest, using a measuring tape. Weight and body composition analyses were obtained by using an Omron HBF-510 Body Composition Monitor device with scale (Kyoto, Japan).
The apparatus, with footpad and handlebar electrodes, estimates various body composition variables such as body weight, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and skeletal muscle percentage. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m 2, and then the following BMI groups were obtained: underweight (. RESULTSOur sample consisted of 2548 Saudis, 1423 males and 1125 females, aged 18 to 60 years. Males were about 55.8% of the total participants.
Age bracket frequencies were unequal: 12% (n=306) aged 18–19 years, 60.3% (n=1536) aged 20–29 years, 16.4% (n=417) aged 30–39 years, and 11.3% (n=289) aged 40–60 years. Overall, 29.2% (n=743, BMI ≤30) were overweight and 25.9% were obese (n=660, BMI ≥30). Almost 40% had a normal weight (39.4%, n=1004). The prevalence in obesity subgroups was 16.3% (n=415) for obese class-I, 6.5% (n=165) for obese class-II, and 3.1% (n=80) for obese class-III.The mean (SD) age for the whole sample was 29.1 (8.5) years; 29.7 (8.0) years for males and 28.3 (9.1) years for females. Mean values for BMI were overweight for males and females (27.6 6.8 vs.
25.7 3.9 kg/m 2). The mean WC, muscle mass, and visceral fat were significantly higher ( P. Results are expressed as mean (SD). P value was determined by Mann-Whitney U test (Although the median is appropriate to report with the Mann-Whitney U test, the means are more comparable to other studies.)shows the prevalence of BMI categories and the corresponding ORs by gender. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in males was higher than in females (62.8% vs. Males were about 1.9 times more likely to be overweight compared to females (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.56–2.3). The study results presented that prevalence of obesity in males was higher compared to females (29.3% vs.
21.7%), and males had a 1.8-fold higher risk of being obese than females (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.48–2.22). Approximately 18% of males had 1.76 times higher odds of being obese class-I than did females (95% CI=1.39–2.22). Furthermore, males were at higher risk to be class-II obese and class-III obese, approximately two times (95% CI=1.46–2.91) and 1.67 times (95% CI=1.05–2.67), respectively, more than females. However, females had noticeably higher prevalence of underweight (8.9% vs.
2.9%) and normal weight (45.9% vs. 34.3%) than males. ParameterMale n (%)Female n (%)OR (95% CI)BMI (kg/m 2)Underweight (males vs. Females)41 (2.9%)100 (8.9%)0.43 (0.3–0.64) aNormal weight488 (34.3%)516 (45.9%)1Overweight (males vs.
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Females)477 (33.5%)266 (23.6%)1.9 (1.56–2.3) aObese class-I (males vs. Females)259 (18.2%)156 (13.9%)1.76 (1.39–2.22) aObese class-II (males vs.
Females)109 (7.7%)56 (5%)2.06 (1.46–2.91) aObese class-III (males vs. Females)49 (3.4%)31 (2.8%)1.67 (1.05–2.67) bObese (males vs. Females)417 (29.3%)243 (21.7%)1.82 (1.48–2.22) a. Underweight: BMI 40 kg/m 2, obese: BMI 30 kg/m 2.presents the trends of BMI, muscle mass, and adiposity parameters by age. For both genders, BMI, WC, body fat percentage, and visceral fat percentage all increased significantly (p trend.05) increase appeared at the middle-aged period. Regarding WC, higher than normal values for males (90 cm) and females (80 cm) were detected in the 30–39 age group for both genders.
Men showed higher than the normal values of mean body fat percentage (24) and visceral fat percentage (9) at the young adult age, whereas females showed higher than normal values for body fat percentage (36) at the young adult age and for visceral fat percentage (9) at the middle-aged period. Muscle mass decreased significantly ( P. Parameter18–19 years(n=128, males)(n=178, females)20–29 years(n=885,males)(n=651, females)30–39 years(n=246, males)(n=171, females) 40 years(n=164, males)(n=125, females)P valueP trendWeight (kg)Males72.8 (18)78.6 (18.1)82.5 (17.8)84.6 (16.3).
Results are expressed as mean (SD). P value was determined by Kruskal-Wallis.
P trend was determined by Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Mean JT Statistic, males: 284477.0 (weight), 280497.0 (BMI calculated), 284477.0 (WC), 284477.0 (body fat%), 284477.0 (muscle%), 281680.5 (visceral fat); females: 191318.5 (weight), 187688.0 (BMI calculated), 191318.5 (WC), 191318.5 (body fat%), 191318.5 (muscle%), 188668.5 (visceral fat).The magnitude of association between BMI and age brackets was determined by ORs for each gender. Interestingly, overweight and obesity in females at 20–29 years showed no significant ORs compared to females younger than 20 years.
At 30 years of age and higher, ORs increased significantly ( P. DISCUSSIONIn 2014, WHO declared that the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity affected about 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years or older. Overweight and obesity have increased continuously with time in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. Our results showed that BMI and anthropometric indices were greatly influenced by age and gender. Significant trends (p trend3 servings/day, 23.1% vs. 15.5%, P200%) in both sexes, and women will exhibit more obesity than men particularly in the ≥35 age group.
Harpenden Stadiometer Manual
Ng et al, from their global estimation of overweight and obesity from 1980 to 2013, found that the peak age of obesity in developing countries was at about 45 years for men and 55 years for women. From the previous results, the prevalence of overweight and obesity would be affected by the age of the sample; female weight gain could be higher than male weight gain at older ages. Because the majority of the sample was under 30 years old (n=1842; 72.3%), the prevalence of obesity is expected to be higher in men than in women, which was confirmed by the results of this study.The current study showed that WC and visceral fat were higher in males, but total body fat percentage was higher in females. This can be explained by the fact that fat distribution differs between males and females, the central obesity and apple-shape in men compared with the pear-shaped obesity in women.
Many other studies are in line with this finding., Body fat percentages differ among countries depending on genetic factors, eating patterns, regular exercise, and other life-style habits. A study in the United States (6544 men and 6362 women) showed that body fat percentages in males aged 18–29 years and 30–49 years were 26.6% and 30.6%, respectively; while the corresponding values in females were 24.5% and 31.5%, respectively. These results showed that body fat percentages in Saudi females were higher than that of American females, whereas Saudi males showed percentages similar to American males.
Another study in Kuwait showed that the average body fat percentages in males (mean age 39.1 years) and females (mean age 40.9 years) were 23.3% and 37.7%, respectively, which were relatively comparable to our results in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, our study noted higher muscle mass percentage in men than in women, which could be related to a lower level and duration of physical activity among women in comparison to men, which is in accordance with the findings of the Memish et al, Al-Nakeeb et al, and Al-Dokhi studies. Indeed, the desert climate in Saudi Arabia presents a barrier for outdoor activity for both men and women. However, Moradi-Lakeh et al found that 42.8% of Saudi females were physically outdoor-inactive, whereas only 19.7% of males were physically inactive outdoors ( P.
Portable Stadiometer - Seca Model 213.Manufacturers.Portable Stadiometer - Seca Model 213The stadiometer seca 213 is especially suitable for mobile use, e.g. For measuring children and teenagers in the course of medical examinations in schools, for use by carers and health workers on the move. But it is also ideal for doctors surgeries and hospitals specialising in child and adolescent medicine. Seca 213 Portable StadiometerPrice: $149.00Optional Carrying Case, Add $39.95Buy the Seca 213+ the Carrying Casefor $159.00The stadiometer seca 213 is especially suitable for mobile use, e.g. For measuring children and teenagers in the course of medical examinations in schools, for use by carers and health workers on the move. But it is also ideal for doctors surgeries and hospitals specialising in child and adolescent medicine.
Furthermore, the seca 213 is suitable for measuring patients lying down. Once taken apart, the stadiometer is easy to transport anywhere.
Simple and easy to set up? No wall fastening necessary. Large floor plate ensures stability. Result clearly visible while measuring. Convenient and easy to transport. Graduation Length: 1 mm / 1/8 inch.
Measuring range: 20? 81'. Dimensions, stadiometer (WxHxD): 13.3 x 83.9 x 23.2 inch - 337 x 2.130 x 590 mm.
Dimensions, for transport (WxHxD): approx. 13.3 x 7 x 24.6 inch - 337 x 177 x 624 mm. For Orders, Phone toll-free 800-832-0055All other inquiries, please phone 718-336-5900FAX 718-627-1313.